Introduction
Step 1 - Preparation
Step 1.1 - Equipment preparation
Step 1.2 - Patient preparation
Step 1.3 - Operator preparation
Step 2 - Expose the lower abdomen and apply the gel
Step 3 - Select the transducer
Step 4 - Commence the second and third trimester pregnancy scanning protocol
Step 4.1 - Patient position
Step 4.2 - Scan plane
Step 4.3 - Standard second and third trimester protocol image requirements
Step 4.3.1 - Fetal lie, life, number, presentation and situs
Step 4.3.2 - Maternal uterus and adnexae
Step 4.3.3 - Amniotic fluid and placental location
Step 4.3.4 - Fetal biometry
Step 4.3.5 - Fetal anatomy
Step 4.4 - Annotations required
Step 4.5 - Troubleshooting
Step 5 - Scan for fetal viability, number, presentation, and situs
Step 5.1 - Determine fetal lie and presentation
Step 5.2 - Scan the fetus for fetal viability
Step 5.3 - Determine fetal number
Step 5.4 - Determine fetal organ situs
Step 6 - Scan the maternal uterus and adnexae
Step 7 - Scan for amniotic fluid and placental location
Step 7.1 - Scan for amniotic fluid
Step 7.1.1 - Calculate amniotic fluid volume
Step 7.2 - Determine pacental location
Step 8 - Assess fetal biometry
Step 8.1 - Calculate the biparietal diameter
Step 8.2 - Head circumference
Step 8.3 - Abdominal circumference
Step 8.4 - Femur length
Step 8.5 - Transcerebellar diameter
Step 8.6 - Cephalic index
Step 9 - Scan fetal anatomy relevant to gestational age
Step 9.1 - Scan the fetal head and face
Step 9.1.1 - Cranium
Step 9.1.2 - Orbits
Step 9.1.3 - Lips and nostrils
Step 9.1.4 - Fetal profile
Step 9.2 - Scan the fetal spine
Step 9.3 - Scan the fetal thorax
Step 9.3.1 - Diaphragm
Step 9.3.2 - Fetal heart four-chamber view
Step 9.3.3 - Fetal heart left ventricular outflow tract, or aortic outflow tract
Step 9.3.4 - Fetal heart right ventricular outflow tract or pulmonary outflow tract.
Step 9.3.5 - Fetal ductal arch and aortic arch views
Step 9.4 - Scan the fetal abdomen
Step 9.4.1 - Fetal stomach
Step 9.4.2 - Fetal liver, spleen, and gallbladder
Step 9.4.3 - Fetal kidneys and adrenals
Step 9.4.4 - Fetal bowel
Step 9.4.5 - Fetal cord insertion and umbilical cord
Step 9.4.6 - Fetal bladder
Step 9.4.7 - Fetal umbilical vein, aorta, and inferior vena cava
Step 9.5 - Scan the fetal limbs/extremities
Step 9.5.1 - Fetal lower limbs
Step 9.5.2 - Fetal upper limbs
Step 9.6 - Scan fetal gender
Step 10 - Sonographic examination of the fetus in 2D, 3D, and 4D
Step 11 - Complete the procedure