US Library > Sonography > Sonography Fundamentals > Ultrasound Physics 2

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Ultrasound Physics 2

Sonography > Sonography Fundamentals
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Materials Included:

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A basic knowledge of ultrasound physics and instrumentation is vital to ensure the correct application of ultrasound.

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A basic knowledge of ultrasound physics and instrumentation is vital to ensure the correct application of ultrasound.  Understanding how images are generated will enable you to recognize artifacts and thus help to prevent misdiagnosis.

This module (2 of 2) follows on from Ultrasound Physics 1 and guides you through more ultrasound physics principles, including artifacts, bioeffects, Doppler, and hemodynamics. It contains many illustrations and animations to help you understand important concepts.

Ultrasound Physics 2 is suitable for all practitioners of ultrasound or anyone interested in learning about ultrasound physics. It is a valuable learning resource for anyone getting ready for the ARDMS Sonographic Principles and Instrumentation (SPI) Exam.

You’ll learn

  • more ultrasound physics terminology and definitions
  • how to identify and explain artifacts (reflection errors), and methods to minimize artifacts
  • the methods used to measure power, and the relationship between power and patient exposure
  • how ultrasound interacts with living tissues and methods to minimize bioeffects
  • how harmonics can be used in diagnostic medical sonography
  • about hemodynamics, including different flow types and forms of energy
  • about Doppler principles: Doppler effect, color Doppler, power Doppler, and spectral Doppler
  • about testing equipment performance and the importance of quality assurance and preventive maintenance
  • and much more (see Content tab for more detail)
Step 1 - Artifacts
Step 1.1 - Definition
Step 1.2 - Classification
Step 1.3 - Resolution artifact
Step 1.4 - Location artifacts
Step 1.5 - Attenuation artifacts
Step 1.6 - Doppler artifacts
Step 2 - Bioeffects
Step 2.1 - Mechanisms
Step 2.2 - Thermal bioeffects
Step 2.3 - Mechanical bioeffects
Step 2.4 - Intensity
Step 2.5 - Beam uniformity coefficient (BUC)
Step 2.6 - Duty factor (DF)
Step 2.7 - Measurement of sound energy
Step 2.8 - Dosimetry
Step 2.9 - Epidemiology
Step 2.10 - American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) statements
Step 2.11 - ALARA
Step 3 - Contrast and harmonics
Step 3.1 - Harmonic imaging
Step 3.2 - Contrast harmonics
Step 3.3 - Tissue harmonics
Step 3.4 - Mechanical index
Step 3.5 - Future applications
Step 4 - Quality Assurance
Step 4.1 - Definition
Step 4.2 - Test object
Step 4.3 - Tissue phantom
Step 4.4 - Doppler phantom
Step 4.5 - Slice thickness phantom
Step 4.6 - Performance measurements
Step 4.7 - Accreditation of ultrasound practices
Step 5 - Hemodynamics
Step 5.1 - Definitions
Step 5.2 - Laminar flow
Step 5.3 - Turbulent flow
Step 5.4 - Energy gradient
Step 5.5 - Forms of energy
Step 5.6 - Energy loss
Step 5.7 - Pressure flow
Step 5.8 - Poiseuille's law
Step 5.9 - Bernoulli's equation
Step 5.10 - Reynolds number
Step 6 - Doppler principles
Step 6.1 - Ohm's law
Step 6.2 - Doppler frequency
Step 6.3 - Doppler equation
Step 6.4 - Positive and negative Doppler shifts
Step 6.5 - Continuous wave Doppler
Step 6.6 - Pulse wave Doppler
Step 6.7 - Color flow Doppler
Step 6.8 - Spectral analysis
Step 6.9 - Power Doppler
Step 6.10 - Resistivity and pulsatility indices
  • Identify and explain artifacts
  • Identify testing results that show artifacts from electrical interference
  • Discuss methods used to minimize artifacts
  • Compare methods and formulae used to measure power
  • Discuss the relationship between power and patient exposure
  • List and describe bioeffects
  • Discuss methods used to minimize bioeffects
  • Discuss contrast and harmonics
  • Diagram and describe tests for equipment performance
  • List and describe the elements of a comprehensive quality assurance program for an imaging lab
  • Discuss the importance of preventive maintenance
  • Identify, discuss, and describe the proper use of the following: Doppler, color Doppler, power Doppler, and spectral Doppler ultrasound
  • Discuss aliasing and explain how to prevent it
  • Discuss fluid and hemodynamics

The SIMTICS modules are all easy to use and web-based. This means they are available at any time as long as the learner has an internet connection. No special hardware or other equipment is required, other than a computer mouse for use in the simulations. Each of the SIMTICS modules covers one specific procedure or topic in detail. Each module contains:

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  • a quiz
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